Category: Raw Feeding
Why My Dog is NOT Doing Veganuary

Why My Dog is NOT Doing Veganuary

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And Neither Should Your Pet Carnivore…

One of these two creatures is vegan, the other eats vegan creatures…

It’s already halfway through January. It’s been hard to escape the “new year, new me” bandwagon and the ever more present “Veganuary” initiative to encourage us to embrace a vegan diet to improve our personal health and reduce our environmental impact.

So, it’s hardly surprising that an increasing number of vegan pet foods have arrived on the market. It’s such an easy sell: if you love animals then why should they suffer just to feed your pet? Don’t you want to minimise your carbon footprint/pawprint? The arguments in favour are beguiling and designed to appeal to pet parents. They are using our love of animals and the natural world, and our desire to do what’s best for our pet and our shared planet. But personally, as a trained biologist, I feel the vegan pet food marketing is superficial and often just plain wrong. I feel that with our current food technology, it’s not possible to feed a dog or cat a vegan diet for the longer term and be certain we aren’t damaging their health. Yes, dogs are facultative carnivores evolved to survive on whatever scavenged calories come their way, but to truly thrive they need animal protein.  You can live an otherwise vegan lifestyle but please accept that your pet carnivore needs to eat animal protein or if this isn’t acceptable to you then please consider a vegetarian pet such as a rabbit or guinea-pig. Your dog is a carnivore, please feed them as such.

Please note: for a very few dogs with complex kidney issues and/or food intolerances then there might be reasons to choose a plant-based diet short-term (under vet supervision). This isn’t about those dogs, this is about the pet dogs who are fed vegan as a lifestyle choice by their carers.

Cats and Dogs Are Carnivores

I’m going to stick to talking about dogs here because I have a dog, however the same applies to cats but more so, these are CARNIVORES (literally “meat eaters” in Latin). The clue is in their name, they need to eat animal protein. First, some comparative anatomy. If your dog or cat will let you, then open their mouths and have a look at their teeth – really pointy jagged canines evolved for holding onto and ripping through prey, that’s not the grinding dentition of an animal that eats plants. They have a short extremely acid digestive tract with no second stomach for fermentation of plant matter. They produce high levels of protein and fat digestion enzymes and low levels of starch digestion enzymes. Basically, everything about their teeth and digestive system screams meat eater. On a molecular level too, they are carnivores. All animals are made up of cells, think of them as the Lego building bricks that make up your body and your pet’s body. Little fluid filled bags that are also factories, warehouses, power stations, building sites, waste recycling plants, structural supports, and army battalions. The cells all need energy to carry out their various processes. Their energy comes from food that is broken down in the gut into smaller molecules carried in the bloodstream, then passed across cell membranes into the cells that need it. The two main energy sources are carbohydrates (all the starchy/sugary foods) that are broken into glucose to fuel an intracellular energy harnessing process called glycolysis, or fats and proteins that fuel an alternative process called ketosis. Mammals appear to be able to use either glycolysis or ketosis, but each cell can only use one method at a time and switching between is inefficient and each switch on/off releases proinflammatory messenger molecules which long term can lead to increased risk of cancers, diabetes, pancreatitis, and autoimmune conditions. So, it’s more efficient to use primarily one or the other for your main cellular energetics. Most modern humans as true omnivores mostly use glycolysis, but we can use ketosis if we eat a high fat and low carb diet. There are some dieticians who would argue that this is our more natural state, and we should eat this way, hence the popularity in some circles of “keto” and “paleo” diets. The wild relatives of our dogs and cats primarily use ketosis, and as there’s no major physiological differences between a wild canid and Sally fluffy wolf, it seems logical to assume that ketosis is her default state too, as it is for your pet carnivore. So why does this make vegan foods bad news for our dogs?

Vegan Pet Food Tends to be High Carbohydrate

So, let’s start with the nutritional bit they don’t have to put on the packaging: the carbs. Most vegan foods are dry kibbles high in carbohydrates. In many pet foods carbs make up a greater percentage of dry weight than the fats or proteins but (amazingly) pet food manufacturers don’t have to declare the carb content (unless they choose to). A small amount of complex carbs can be beneficial to dogs as prebiotic dietary starch and plant matter supplies vitamins and minerals that would otherwise be lacking in a purely animal-based diet. But despite what the food bag label might tell you carbs aren’t really a “healthy source of energy” for a carnivore. If you feed a high carb food to your dog, then they will be forced into constant switching between glycolysis and ketosis as they try to extract the energy (and as explained above this really isn’t good for them) and if there’s more energy available in the carbs proportion of their food than they require at that point in time it will get converted to glycolipids and stored as fat (extra protein and fat is more easily excreted), so feeding that carb-rich food may also encourage weight gain and obesity.

Vegan Pet Food Is Usually Low Moisture

Another issue with dry carb-heavy kibbles: water (or lack of). Dogs have evolved for tens of thousands of years eating a diet of raw, then raw and cooked scavenged foods that would be around 70% moisture. With most dog breeds not having the kidney complexity to survive desert conditions, feeding a dry diet long term is going to put strain on their urinary tract. Before/after we get into the other nutritional shortfalls of vegan food for carnivores, dry food is going to be a potential urinary tract stressor. Carnivores that have evolved to obtain most of their liquids from food don’t get strong thirst signals if their stomach is full, so they don’t know to drink extra with dry food. If you do have to feed dry food, any dry food, to your dog then always add additional water to their food-bowl and wet the food.

Plant-Based Fats Are NOT Comparable to Meat Fats

Fats (lipids) are essential for energy, and for healthy growth and tissue repair. All those cell membranes are fats, fats cushion joints, are used to build the eyes and brain, help carry fat soluble vitamins around the body and make hormones and immune messenger molecules. When allowed to self-select their food it’s been shown that dogs consume around 50% of their calorie intake from fats (Roberts et al. 2018). Interestingly this works out to 10-20% of their food by weight, curiously about the fat % they’d get from eating a raw diet based off whole prey as this is about the fat % of prey animals such as a duck or a rabbit.

There are many types of fat, dogs can use pretty much any fats found in animal or vegetable oils for ketosis. So yes, if it’s “just” for energy then dogs could use plant fats although if these are high temperature cooked, they may be inefficiently digested. They also require “essential fatty acids” (so-called because mammals can’t synthesis them for themselves) for growth and tissue repair. These are also known as omega oils, the main types being omega 3s, 6s and 9s. They are predominately synthesised by microalgae, and bioaccumulate in the marine food chain until consumed by predators. Only marine sources are an easy way to get the full range of these fats, land-plants tend to contain mostly omega 6s with a low or no omega 3s. Pet food standards (based off what’s easiest for manufacturers) allow the ratio of omega 6s to 3s to be up to 30:1, but this is far from what dogs would naturally encounter if eating animal prey, in grass-fed meat the ratio is only around 3:1. But for anyone formulating a new pet food you can bet that they’ll add omega ratios closer to 30:1 than the natural 3:1. Also in pet food, high temperature cooking can make many fats more difficult for carnivores to metabolise. They can end up developing pancreatitis as they are forced to produce extremely high levels of digestive enzymes to break down the cooked fats. In contrast, the fats in raw or lightly cooked meat are more easily digested and provide an easily obtainable energy source. It’s the difference between a flexible raw piece of pork and a dried out piece of crispy bacon. Once you dry up and cook the fats it’s increasingly difficult for the dog’s body to digest them. All vegan dog foods are high temperature cooked tins or kibbles, so making the fats inaccessible to dogs, increasing their risk of pancreatitis when they try to digest them (why you’ll see “low fat” kibble sold as if this is a good thing) and impairing their ability to synthesis hormones and maintain joints as the only omega oils provided in quantities are omega 6s. It’s just not possible to make a vegan food with a high quality (for a carnivore) lipid profile unless you use high-cost marine algal additives. If these are added they will be added sparingly to make up the minimum and not the optimum nutrition levels. So, I also won’t be feeding my dog vegan because vegan dog food doesn’t have the fat profile she needs for good health.

Baby Sally tucking into a high fat, high protein raw chicken wing

Vegan Protein (Or Lack Of)

Proteins are the structural (the muscle tissue etc) and the workhorse (the enzymes, antibodies, and some messenger molecules) components of cells. They are made up of links known as amino acids. There are around 20 core amino acids (we can argue about the weird tRNA modified ones later, this is a basic overview so let’s just say 20 core amino acids) in mammals. For dogs, 10 of these amino acids are considered essential -again similarly to essential fatty acids, these are essential as their bodies need but can’t make them, they need a dietary supply. Plant proteins have a very different amino acid profile to animal proteins and are low/lacking in some essential amino acids. This means absorption and use of the essential amino acids is not as efficient as from animal protein, you need to feed a higher overall amount of protein to get enough of the essential amino acids, and few/no plant sources are “complete” protein sources with all 10 essential amino acids, whereas most animal proteins are “complete” in that they contain all 10. Pet food manufacturers have a minimum recommended intake for each essential amino acid, but this is recommendation not a requirement, and it’s also again this is the bare minimum needed for survival. So, while that bag of vegan kibble may be marketed as “high protein” it is NOT high-quality protein for your carnivore, as it’s high plant protein with a different amino acid composition. To make it “complete” most will use yeast extracts. Yeast extract is a controversial dog food additive as some fresh feeding advocates feel it’s (over)use as a pet food ingredient may increase risk of grain intolerances (from trace amounts of grain protein), gut or skin yeast infections (as it’s extracted from yeast cells it’s the perfect fuel for yeast growth), and bloat (it could occasionally contain trace amounts of highly toxic ethanol – a natural waste product from the yeast, which forms excess carbon dioxide gas as the body attempts breakdown). The problem with all these claims are that they haven’t been assessed by scientific studies, so while the naysayers can give plausible sounding reasons to avoid yeast extract for our dogs, we just don’t know whether their fears are warranted. Yeast extract isn’t a particularly “natural” foodstuff for a fluffy wolf, so again I’d rather avoid, better be safe than sorry… Finally most vegan proteins, whether plant or yeast, undergo the same high temperature cooking as the fats. Again similarly to fats, this renders the protein more indigestible and less able to be used by the body and could be more likely to trigger an immune reaction.

Legumes

Legumes (soya, chickpeas, beans, peas, lentils etc) are used as to increase the protein levels in vegan pet foods, and as a filler to make the ingredients adhere together. You may be increasing your dog’s risk of developing dilated cardiomyopathy heart disease (DCM) if you routinely feed large quantities of legumes. The original working hypothesis was that the legumes interfered with absorption of the essential amino acid taurine, and this resulted in heart muscle abnormalities. The American FDA opened an investigation but failed to identify a link. It’s considerably more complex than simply that legumes result in taurine malabsorption (many dogs on legume-rich foods have normal taurine blood values) but in one experimental study feeding high legume protein grain-free foods resulted in measurable (on an echocardiogram) heart damage in as little as 30 days even although the study dogs appeared outwardly healthy (Owens et al. 2022). This is incredibly worrying for anyone thinking about switching to a vegan dog food as most use legumes. Given the possible heart disease link, and how quickly the first signs of heart disease can develop, legumes are NOT ingredients I’d want in my dog’s daily diet.

Vegan is (Wrongly) Marketed as a Premium Food

Okay, I’ve said what I don’t like about the vegan dog food ingredients, but considering that at the bottom end of the pet food market “with chicken” can legally mean the food contains only 5% chicken, is vegan kibble really any worse? The vegan alternative is likely to have higher overall protein and more natural ingredients. So why am I warning you away from the vegan dog foods?

Cheap dog food doesn’t make any pretentions, it’s cheap, it’ll fill your dog up and provide the minimum legally permissible nutrient levels that will keep them alive. Yes, it will be high carb, low protein, low moisture, and it will contain synthetic versions of vitamins and minerals that are inefficiently absorbed compared to their corresponding natural forms. But you know it’s not a premium product, so hopefully you are more likely to supplement it with additional fresh meat and fish and veggies whenever you can. The difference is that vegan dog foods are priced to compete with the luxury end of the market, but are generally low nutritional quality masquerading as gourmet offerings. They are often marketed as a complete food solution and a means to avoid the ick factor of having to feed your dog those yucky animal protein extras. Yet they are anything but luxury, and can be made with cheaply sourced ingredients bought on the global marketplace with poor traceability from farm to consumer and have to be supplemented with synthetic additives to be able to squeeze past the goalposts of being legally sellable. Yet their manufacturers use emotional blackmail that as animal lovers we will pay extra for their supposed ethical and cruelty-free advantages. They throw in some dodgy “science”: dogs are omnivores is a favourite claim, no they aren’t, dogs can be omnivorous (anyone who’s walked a puppy will know they will eat just about anything regardless of nutritional value – hello dirty tissues, lost glove, fortnight old roadkill, dropped sandwich, fox poo etc) in that they will take advantage of any calories they happen to come across, but their physiology and molecular biology are that of a true carnivore. It’s “vet approved” is another common statement- you just need to find/pay one vet to agree, it’s a meaningless utterance. Add a testimonial that “Fido had a constantly dull coat and itchy skin until they started on V-Dog Wonder FudTM” and you are ready for market. Yes, if a dog has a protein or grain intolerance and the vegan food omits that specific allergen, then short term problem solved, but you could just as easily feed them any other food without particular trigger. Don’t fall for clever marketing, for every pet food, read the label carefully to help you decide if it’s something you’d want to feed to your dog. Look for named traceable and fresh ingredients and low/no added synthetic nutrients.

So, If Not Vegan, Then What?

Ethics

What can we do to decrease our collective pet food carbon pawprint? What are the alternatives to vegan dog food? In the short term it’s probably best to look for companies with a focus on ethical and environmental accountability, some use B-corp certification to signal their progress. Look for ingredients sourced from regenerative agriculture, local ingredients, higher welfare farming, and genuinely renewable or recyclable packaging that works for you (it’s no use it being home-compostable if you don’t have a pet-secure compost heap, it’s no good it being recyclable if your local council doesn’t collect it). There are some companies making encouraging steps in these areas, Naturaw, Different Dog and Lily’s Kitchen have received B-corp status, Ethically Raised uses regenerative farming, Bella and Duke use only UK and Ireland sourced meat and vegetables and higher welfare farms and are part of RawSAFE that ensures higher food traceability. Many now use food packaging that’s reusable, recyclable, or home-compostable. It’s not unreasonable to ask companies what they are doing to reduce their environmental impact and what steps they take to protect livestock welfare and use their answers (and be alert for greenwashing in their answers) to inform your purchasing choices.

Extra Veggies

How much meat does your dog actually need? Can you add some more veg  (ideally locally grown to cut down food miles) to their diet? Personally, I don’t think you can feed dogs a 100% plant-based diet, but neither do most dogs require “prey-model raw” that is purely animal protein with no fruit or vegetables. Most dogs are able to consume somewhere between 5-30% veg (by food weight) without becoming nutrient deficient. You can reduce their meat/meat-rich wet/dry food and up their fresh veg intake. It’s been suggested that adding as little as 10% fresh food to a processed diet will reduce your dog’s risk of developing diseases such as some cancers, pancreatitis, and diabetes. You are improving your pet’s health and helping the planet. It’s such an easy small step.

Make Use of Food Waste

Look for fresh protein that would otherwise go to waste – short-dated meat/fish in the supermarket, offcuts from butchers and fishmongers, these protein sources are effectively carbon-free to you as you are saving them from landfill.

Novel Proteins

Longer term there are new lower environmental impact sources of animal protein. Insect protein is one front runner, but I’m not yet ready to risk basing my dog’s diet on it. The current production methods lend themselves to bacterial and mycotoxin infection as the insect larvae are bred at large scale on brewery or bakery wastes. Again, the nutritional profile is disparate to that from animal meats, plus there’s a unique problem with insect protein, even trace amounts of the chitin exoskeleton may cause auto-immune overstimulation because of chitin’s molecular similarity to pathogen cell-wall glycoproteins. But, insect protein is a vastly underutilised resource which seems likely to play a greater role in feeding a hungry world, and no doubt there will be more insect-based pet-foods in the coming years. It’s definitely one to watch.

Emerging from the realm of science fiction into science fact is bioreactor protein. The “lab grown” meat technology has so far recreated measly burgers and nuggets of animal flesh by cloning muscle cells taken from a living donor. This technology has yet to become commercially viable at scale. There are still issues with growing cells for infinite generations without the use of growth additives such as foetal calf serum (yes that’s as horrible as it sounds, Google it if you dare) derived from slaughtered animals. There’s a high energy cost in running cell incubators. But, using bioreactor artificial meat for pet feed is so much simpler than turning the soup of animal cells into something resembling muscle tissue that will be palatable to a human diner. For pet food it can just be fed as a protein-rich broth or dried into a protein powder to add to kibbles or canned foods. I do think we’ll see this technology come of age for pet food long before it’s mainstream for human foods.

In Conclusion

Back to today. For all the reasons I’ve stated here, I’m NOT letting my dog participate in Veganuary. As a scientist, and as an animal and nature lover, I choose NOT to feed vegan to my carnivore. Not until there’s a lab-synthesised food with an amino and fatty acid profile that matches fresh rabbit, with bioidentical versions of key vitamins and minerals and a water content of around 70% to match up with fresh food – and all for a carbon pawprint lower than using than locally sourced high welfare meat and vegetables.

Yes, I’d love there to be a way to feed her without using animal protein, but to keep her healthy that’s what she needs to consume. If you don’t feel you can feed meat to another animal, then please don’t get a carnivore as a pet.

TLDR – Why Not To Feed Dogs Vegan?

  • Most vegan foods are dry kibbles – urinary tract strain as they evolved to consume 70% moisture foods
  • Dry kibbles so high carbohydrate broken down through glycolysis, but dogs are better off using fats/proteins used in ketosis
  • High legume content may be implicated in DCM heart disease
  • Different amino acid profile than animal protein – may contain yeast extract
  • Low in essential fatty acids
  • High temperature cooked that makes it more difficult to digest
  • Added synthetic forms of vitamins and minerals to make up the deficits, but these are inefficiency absorbed compared to the natural versions in fresh food.

TLDR – Best Foods?

  • Feed fresh food from a range of protein sources with a variety of fresh veg and fruit
  • Increase the veg to as much as your pet can tolerate (probably 5-30% of their meal)
  • Source local and traceable food
  • Watch the emerging alternative protein sources and maybe try these as snacks
  • Look out for high ethical, environmental, animal welfare and food safety labelling
  • Ask food companies what they are doing to reduce their environmental pawprint and improve livestock welfare.
Does this look like the dentition of a grass-eater to you?

Disclaimer: All views are my own, I am NOT a dog nutritionist but I am a PhD qualified biologist with a strong interest in feeding my dog to maximise her health and longevity. Sally is rawfed and eats a wide range of brands, she’s also food sponsored by Bella and Duke. I’ve been independently approached by two of the largest vegan kibble companies in the UK who offered me a “collaboration opportunity” for generous monetary remuneration. Both times I’ve refused as I feel my dog’s health is more important.

How to keep fluffy dogs cool in the heat

How to keep fluffy dogs cool in the heat

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Seaside paddles in the cooler evening

As I write this, the UK is currently undergoing our hottest ever weather, and while Scotland isn’t suffering the same 40 °C heat as England’s south coast, we have daytime temperatures in the mid to high 20s – about 10°C hotter than is comfortable for Sally and her fluffy kin.

So, what am I doing to keep a fluffy wolf cool? What actually works and what just looks cute in Tiktok videos but is no real use?

Ice

To feed or not to feed? You might have seen the viral Facebook post “written by a vet” that says NOT to feed ice as it can upset dogs thermoregulation and make them hotter, but search a bit deeper on the internet and you’ll find plenty of reputable sources completely debunking this – it’s perfectly fine to feed dogs iced treats as long as they aren’t currently in heat-shock (when the thermal shock of the cold ice could further stress their system).

Sally is LOVING iced snacks, she gets her food frozen into ice-lollies, and I’m making bone-broth (see my recipe here) at least once a week to freeze into ice-cubes for her. If there’s nothing else going, she enjoys a chomp on a plain ice-cube. You can also use things such as kefir, plain yogurt, dog-safe herbal teas, the watered down liquid from a sardine tin, mashed fruits etc to make lollies. These are making up a fair proportion of Sally’s food intake at the moment (why I’m using her actual food in them, to try to retain some semblance of a balanced diet) because as soon as it’s hot she gets picky with eating. Be a little bit careful with smaller dogs and don’t feed large amounts of ice as you don’t want to chill them, also if they have sensitive teeth then adding something to the ice (bone broth, mashed fruits, kefir etc) makes the ice less brittle and easier to crunch. Flat shapes and lollies are less of a choking hazard than cube shapes.

Ice-lollies are always a hit with Sal! These are raw dog food mince, kefir yogurt and bone-broth with a carrot stick.

Water

You can buy all sorts of sprinkler mats and paddling pools specifically for dogs (or use a child’s one but watch dog claws as they can easily puncture toy pools). These are no use for Sally, unless it’s muddy and comes in a river or loch or the sea she’s not a water-baby. She had a paddling pool that was studiously ignored. If your dog loves the pool or sprinkler then this is a great way for then to cool down, but limit their time as dogs can overdrink in hot weather and end up with water toxicity if they are gulping down water for hours as they are playing.

There’s lots of advice online about wetting towels/putting towels in the freezer and letting them lie on a cold wet towel and draping another over them to cool them. I’ve tried this in the past but stopped as her skin became very red, and I was worried she’d develop hot spots from the damp. I’ve found a bandana or circular scarf soaked in cold water does seem to help as it’s providing evaporative cooling to the front and chest.

Going for walks (when it’s slightly cooler) near water is much enjoyed as paddling helps keep them cool.

Sunscreen

Just don’t (for Samoyeds at least). If it’s bright enough and hot enough to need sunscreen on your fluffy white dog’s ears and nose then you shouldn’t be out. Samoyeds have built in sun protection with their dark pigmentation around the eyes and nose and lips, and their ears have a protective fur coating. They shouldn’t need sunscreen unless they are recovering from been clipped. Other thinner coated and paler nosed dogs may benefit from dog-safe sunscreen but it shouldn’t be needed for your Samoyed, but if you have concerns then please check with your vet.

Cooling vests/bandanas/t-shirts

My DIY cooling scarf bandana does seem to help Sal on hot car journeys. I’ve never tried a cool coat as to be effective these have to be tight around the body, so they squash the hair and remove the protective insulation (against both heat and cold) of that Samoyed fluff. If you put a cool coat on them then you are solely reliant on the coat to keep them cool. There may be times when you feel that the coat will be more effective than their fluff, so if you feel you want to try it then go for it, but be aware you’ll need to constantly check if they are cool enough and if the coat has dried out (most use wetting for evaporative cooling).

Cool mats

Great idea for dogs who’ll use them. Be careful with chewers as the gel inside isn’t meant to be eaten. Some people suggest putting the mat inside a duvet cover to stop the dog chewing it, but the cover between the mat and the dog will reduce it’s effectiveness. Sally doesn’t like the feel of the mats so this is another great idea we have to go without… (you can sense a theme emerging here can’t you…).

Cold Floors

Sally rarely sleeps on her dog bed, she prefers the cold floor, and never more so than now. When she gets really hot she hops into the shower tray or the bath! If you have a room with a tiled or wooden or lino floor this will be cooler than carpets or rugs, so leave doors open so as they can access this space.

Fans and aircons

I had a fan when Sal was a puppy. I left it on when I was out in the summer as my house tended to heat up. She enjoyed it and would sleep in the airstream, but often got eye infections and dry eyes from the dry air until I started using eye drops for her. If you are using a fan, particularly with a puppy, it would be a good idea to speak to a vet about pet-safe daily eye drops you can use.

Car rides and pet friendly stores

If it all gets too hot in the home then sometimes (if you have aircon) the car is a better option, I’m seriously considering taking Sal for a short drive soon just to break up the monotony of house arrest for her. Also some larger shops with aircon are dog friendly, so while it seems crazy with the sun blazing down outside, consider a shopping trip to a cooler dog friendly retail outlet if you can journey there without overheating.

Grooming

It’s too hot for them to be fully bathed and air-blower dried, but make sure their undercoat is well groomed out so as air can circulate in the coat as this will help keep them cooler. If you have a doggie dryer/blaster then a blast on cool while brushing will get rid of the loose underfluff. Or see if you can book them into a groomer for a brush out.

Midnight walks

Check a few different weather apps for when the coolest temperatures will be in your area. This might mean 5am or midnight walkies. If you feel awake enough at those hours, then go out for a short sniff at every lamppost walk. We’ve been doing this for the last wee while, to the extent that I feel we’re personal friends with each of our local urban foxes, as they are the only other creatures stirring at this hour and we see them in passing every night.

Take it easy

Finally remember that under exercise and boredom for a short while won’t harm your fluffy dog, but exercising in the heat might. Take it easy and enjoy the slower pace. Use the time to make them some iced treats, do a through brushing, or play enrichment games in the house. Try some of the cooling tips that work for us (Sally says ICE-LOLLIES!) and also maybe some of the things that didn’t work for us might make a difference for you. And just take the time to chill, at the moment Sally is quite happy to laze around and snooze and dream of the day it snows again! Paws crossed it’s not so long now until the colder weather comes again.

Essential First Aid Kit For Dogs – My Dog Cupboard Must-Haves

Essential First Aid Kit For Dogs – My Dog Cupboard Must-Haves

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If you think your dog needs to see a vet then don’t wait around trying to fix things yourself at home, go to the vet! These are the things we use for small scrapes/ailments while I’m waiting on a non-urgent vet appointment or for things I know will clear up on their own.

Sally hurt her shoulder about a month ago, and due to deferred pain and boredom chewed a hotspot on her elbow. I’ve been treating it for the last 2 weeks (almost healed now). I realised I’ve used just about every “first aid” product I have in the dog cupboard. I’m going to talk you through what we have, because it’s a fairly short list that I wouldn’t be without. Like me you’ve probably seen “dog first aid kits” for sale. I’ve never invested in one because most contain more items than I’d ever use (if it’s that serious I’d go to the vet) and my small stock seems to fix most scrapes and cuts. I try to use natural/mostly natural products but also products where there’s some solid science behind why/how they work.

Sally peacefully snoozing with a vet wrap bandage keeping a hotspot on her elbow clean (and stopping her from chewing it)

My Dog First Aid Kit:

  • Leucillin
  • Green Clay
  • Lucaa+ Wound Spray
  • Anicura Dog Gel
  • Vet Wrap
  • Wound Dressings – And that’s all!
Green clay
Non-adhesive dressings
Vet wrap
Leucillin antiseptic
Lucaa+ wound spray
Anicura dog gel
My dog first aid essentials

Leucillin

Leucillin is a salt solution (not sodium chloride, but hypochlorous salt (HOCl): a chemical that is naturally produced by vertebrate white blood cells to kill bacteria). It’s strongly antibacterial (and antifungal and antiviral but is harmless to vertebrate cells). The makers claim it doesn’t sting and is safe to use near eyes, mouths and ears. I’ve found it stings slightly if applied to broken skin or sunburn (it’s not licenced for use on humans as it hasn’t undergone clinical trials but it’s highly effective for cleaning small cuts and also for curing my earache in the winter!).

Uses

You can use Leucillin to clean wounds, soothe irritated skin, wipe around crusty eyes, clean out sore ears etc. Either spray directly from the bottle or onto a cotton pad or tissue and wipe. I use it as my first go-to for cleaning any wound or scrape.

Green Clay

Green clay is a fine powdered clay dust, most comes from just a few quarries in France where it’s been used for wound poultices since at least the Napoleonic wars. It can also be mixed as a drink to settle an upset digestion. There are “pet” and human brands available, the clay in both is identical as long as you get a human one with nothing else added (some sold for spa face masques have essential oils added).   

Uses

If you have a wound that’s not healing, then mix a little clay with cooled boiled water (or Leucillin) into a thick paste. Use a cotton pad or bud to coat the wound. Bandage and leave for 12-24 hours. Use warm water to remove the dried clay (it sticks a bit in the hair). The clay dries out the wound and prevents infection by drying out any bacteria cells. It also forms a barrier which stops infection reaching the wound. You can wash the wound with Leucillin and reapply clay if the wound hasn’t scabbed after the first application. It’s safe if your dog licks it.

Green clay can also be used similarly to Pro-Kolin to slow down food passage through the gut if your dog has diarrhoea. For a dog Sally’s size, a half teaspoonful of the powder sprinkled over food (or made into paste with water and spread onto a dog snack) once/twice a day should be enough. The large surface area of the clay particles and their hydroscopic nature mean they bind to and remove water and toxins in the gut so slow things down. If symptoms persist more than a day or two go to the vet and/or purchase Proflax Tummy Tastic (clay and lots of good probiotics and herbs including slippery elm bark) and/or slippery elm bark. But for us, the clay powder usually does the trick. I use it as a prophylactic to prevent sickness if she’s eaten a particularly whiffy dead crab. Don’t use internally if your dog is on any oral medication as the clay will bind to and remove the drugs too, rendering them ineffective.

Lucaa+ Wound Spray

Lucaa+ Wound Spray works on the opposite principle to Leucillin. Instead of killing bacteria, this is a mild soap solution that cleanses a wound, and adds a mix of probiotic bacteria that will repopulate the skin microbiota. The idea is that the natural “good bacteria” in the spray out-compete the infection-causing bacteria and replace them. So far I’ve found wounds treated with this spray are slower to heal than with Leucillin. Some infectious bacteria are infectious because they grow quickly, so I’m not completely convinced that the probiotics can get established rapidly enough on a deep or badly infected wound to make a difference.

Uses

It says to use on any wound to aid healing. I use Leucillin and green clay first, then switch to this to re-establish the healthy skin microbiota as the wound is almost healed.

Anicura Dog Gel

Anicura gel contains apple cider vinegar and sea buckthorn as the active ingredients. Soothing and mildly antimicrobial. Sally is terrible for reopening scratches and small wounds by chewing them. This gel seems to sooth the area and prevent her from chewing.

Uses

I find it soothes irritated/broken skin and speeds up healing after hotspots. I use it 1-2 times daily from when a wound is fully healed (after I swop from the Lucaa+) until I have a reasonable hair regrowth over the area.

Non-Adhesive Dressings

I buy ones for humans and the largest size I can find. I then cut to shape. I use silver dressings for the first 24-48 hours until wounds scab over then switch to standard dressings. I haven’t found non-adhesive silver dressings (yet) so just cut the silver pad out the middle away from the adhesive. Don’t use silver dressings with Lucaa+ spray as the dressings are antimicrobial.

Vet Wrap

I use vet wrap to attach the dressings and keep wounds clean. I’m lucky in that Sally doesn’t chew vet wrap, so bandaging with it stops her turning small scratches on her legs (which she gets regularly from running through gorse/brambles) into hot spots.

Other Things We Use –

  • Coconut oil – for sore paw pads, to prevent snowballs in the snow. To cover sore skin before water immersion.
  • Charcoal Tablets/Biscuits – heavy duty detoxify the gut. For use after I’ve caught her snacking on really really whiffy dead crabs or dead seagulls. I prefer tablets but these are hard to find so doggie charcoal biscuits (Betty Millar do wheat-free ones) are the next best thing.
  • Proflax TummyTastic and Dorwest Tree Bark Powder – My next step after green clay if she’s got a tummy upset that goes on to a second day.
  • Adaptil and Dorwest Valerian and Scullcap Tincture – calms if fireworks or thunderstorms
  • Apple cider vinegar – coat freshener after fox poo/dead seal rolling incidents, also mildly antimicrobial and anti-midge/tick deterrent.
  • Teef or Plaque-Off – Dental health additives, I alternate between the two.
  • Golden Paste – For when she’s been injured to aid muscle/joint recovery. I add a teaspoon per day until I’ve used up the packet.
  • Homemade bone broth – see my recipe here. All round multi-nutrient and pick-me-up if she’s feeling poorly
  • Stewed pumpkin – I keep boxes in the freezer in case she has a stomach upset. If so she’s on light meals of stewed pumpkin, cooked white fish and bone broth for 2-3 days.
  • Kefir – I use this for probiotics. She gets a tablespoon a couple of times a week, I up it to a tablespoon every day if she’s had an upset stomach.

That’s our list of must-haves. I hope you found them useful. They are enough to fix minor injuries, and buy us time to get to the vet for larger problems. What’s your doggie first aid must haves? Do you have any others not listed here? If in doubt if you can treat at home ALWAYS seek veterinary advice.

Note – I have not been paid to include any product on this list. Links are not affiliate links so I don’t gain if you purchase items. Always consult your vet before starting any new treatment. Discontinue use immediately if you see any side-effects from any of these products.

Really Easy Cheat’s Homemade Bone Broth for Dogs

Really Easy Cheat’s Homemade Bone Broth for Dogs

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For the folks in a hurry for the recipe who just want the instructions without it’s life history, you’re in luck. Recipe first then I’ll tell the story!

Recipe:

  • 500-1000g of raw or cooked meaty bones. Ideally this includes 6-8 chicken or duck feet or a deer hoof or a pigs trotter
  • 150 ml of apple cider vinegar or lemon juice
  • teaspoon/small bunch each of any dog-safe herbs or spices (curly parsley, ginger, turmeric etc)
  • large soup pot (4-6 litre) to boil in
  • water to fill the pot (4-5 litres)

Method:

  • add the bones, herbs (if using), vinegar and water to the pot
  • bring to the boil and boil vigorously for 30 minutes
  • turn down and simmer for another 2-4 hours, until liquid has reduced to 1/4 or less of the original volume
  • sieve the broth and *discard* the bones
  • pour the broth into sterilized glass jars (previously in oven at 120C for 30 mins, or washed out with boiling water). You should get 500-800ml (2 medium jars)
  • let cool (scrape off the ontop fat layer before use) – keeps in fridge for 1 week or freeze in silicon moulds/icecube trays and store in the freezer for up to 6 months
  • You can dilute 1:1 with water, kefir, or pureed fruit or veg to make frozen shapes

That’s it! Really easy-peasy bone broth.

How I Came to Make Bone Broth

Every raw feeder and/or anyone with an interest in dog nutrition will stumble across bone broth sooner or later. It’s ubiquitous in Instagram #rawfeedinginspo bowl photos, where its normally presented in the form of cute wee paw shapes. I suspect the Instagram love of bone broth has a lot to do with the cute factor, but don’t let that that deter you. It’s an amazingly nutritious food supplement for dogs (and cats) and indeed for humans too!

What is Bone Broth?

“Bone broth is a liquid gel, extracted from selected bone and connective tissue that contains natural proteins and minerals that are not always associated with your pets diet.

Helping your pet overcome food Intolerances & Allergies.

Help with Improving the joint health & regeneration of Cartilage.

Helping dogs with arthritis, joint pain and hip dysplasia

Supports the immune system & helps with sick & recovering pets.

 Supporting the bone structure of growing pups & kittens.

As a maintenance plan to aid dogs over 4 years old or known to suffer from future arthritic problems.”

Source: Alexander’s Natural Bone Broth/The Natural Vet website https://www.thenaturalvet.co.uk/products/alexanders-natural-bone-broth-paws accessed 28-01-2022

What’s In It?

I’ve yet to find a commercial bone broth that actually lists the amounts of calcium, glucosamine, chondroitin, collagen, trace minerals, vitamins etc it contains (that good old “natural product, batches may vary”) I guess? However, it’s bound to be nutritious stuff, as it’s got all the nutrients from the bone marrow, the bones, the cartilage in the joints, and the connective tissue around the bones. As it’s all natural “boiled off” the bones the nutrients will be more readily assimilated, “bioavailable”, to our pets than synthetic tablets (for joint supplements etc).

Why Should I Feed Bone Broth?

Bone broth is a tasty way to get liquids into a poorly dog, a great way to keep (fluffy) dogs hydrated in the summer, a tasty way to tempt fussy dogs to eat, and a low fat filler for greedy dogs! It’s probably wonderful for maintaining their joint health and for helping with tissue repair after injury. It’s an easily digestible and nutritious add-on to any diet type (kibble, wet food, cooked, or raw) and because you can choose the bone varieties used, you can tailor it to avoid triggering allergies or intolerances. I feed Sally a couple of frozen shapes at a time, or use 2-3 tablespoons of the jelly poured over her meal.

It’s also frighteningly expensive to buy. Typically RRP £3-4 for a pack of a few wee paw shapes or £7-10 for 300-500ml. Why? Because the purists will tell you the bones should be simmered for days to extract all the nutrients. Long boiling times of up to 72 hours are normal for commercial recipes. For home cooks Dogs Naturally suggest 24 hours (in a slowcooker crockpot) and this is about the quickest of the online recipes I’ve found, most are of the opinion that longer boil time=better.

I don’t have a slow cooker (or an Aga, or want to leave my electric oven on at 120C for 4 days – all methods to be found online). I have an ordinary domestic kitchen with the usual kitchen utensils, but I wanted to try making bone broth.

My First Attempt

So what I had was a big soup pot. One evening I put everything in it and turned it onto boil. It had about 3 hours boiling time when I turned it off at midnight (as I was scared to leave the gas running overnight). It had also reduced to about 1/4 of the original volume. Imagine my amazement the next morning when I came to turn the pot back on (I’d assumed I’d need to keep going for 24 hours boil time) to find in the cold kitchen, the nascent broth had turned into a solid jelly! I’d made bone broth. And not just any bone broth, but the holy grail of home-made bone broth: a solid translucent wobbly jelly! No need to boil it for days! – Note your broth will only be a jelly at low temperatures, it will turn back to liquid if warmed, to set it, store in the fridge overnight.

There was a bit of beginners luck at work here. My next effort (chicken wings not feet) remained a liquid broth after a 4 hour boil. That’s how I learnt that for a jelly you need feet (because all the bone-joints are where the cartilage/collagen is to be found that sets the broth) and the more the better! I assume there is some trade-off with shorter boil time: my “cheats broth” won’t be as nutritious per ml as the ones boiled for longer. But as it’s so much quicker and easier to make, and as you can’t really overfeed it, I can compensate by giving her a more generous portion. Don’t worry if your broth doesn’t set. It’s still very nutritious!

Acid

The apple cider vinegar or lemon juice is essential, without the acid the bones don’t leach minerals as easily. The acid will cause any charged proteins to change shape at a molecular level, and this will aid to pull the meat away from the bones. You need the acid (it doesn’t set if you forget it). I’ve found 150ml is the minimum for a 6 litre pot. I tend to put in around 150-200ml.

Herbs & Spices

Do you like the smell of cooking meat? As someone who’s mostly veggie, I don’t. So for me herbs and spices are a way to mask the cooking smells.

I often use root ginger (1-2 cm piece grated), turmeric and black pepper (teaspoon of turmeric, quarter teaspoon of black pepper), and curly leaved parsley. I’ve found that turmeric and parsley seem to be best at making the kitchen smell more pleasant!

Some people add garlic, I don’t, as I suspect even at low supposedly safe dosages, it may cause slight levels of red blood cell lysis in Sally. If using then add 2-5 cloves (not the whole bulb, just the cloves, of crushed garlic). Chia seeds are the trendy super food de jour (also high in protein and omega acids) so these make an appearance in some commercial broths. There’s no reason not to add them to yours if you feel so inclined. You can also make a plain broth without any herbs or spices.

Should I Pre-Roast?

You’ll see some recipes tell you to pre-roast the bones in the oven to dry them out before boiling (as apparently this makes the nutrients leach into the broth faster). I tried this once, I saw no discernible difference, and there’s always the issue of meat proteins forming carcinogenic compounds if burnt while roasting, so I don’t bother with this step. However, if you are a meat eater you can use the bones scavenged from roasted meat dishes such as a roast chicken or a Sunday roast.

Those *Discarded* Bones

You can boil them up again and get another batch (store the cooled preboiled bones in the freezer if you don’t want to boil them again immediately). There’s enough nutrients left after one boiling to do another (if you can be bothered). It will still set the second time around. I’ve done this once, because I heard it was possible, and in the spirit of experimentation I had to try. However, I generally discard the bones after one go. I just feel I’ve probably got the best of the vitamins, enzymes and soluble proteins (all likely to be heat liable) the first time around. When finally throwing out the bones keep them away from pets and garden wildlife such as foxes. Cooked bones can be a dangerous choking hazard as they are brittle and will splinter if chewed.

Additional Recipes

  • I mostly dilute my jar(s) of set jelly 1:1 with water (to be able to pour it into the moulds for frozen shapes).
  • Mix it 1:1 with kefir and make frozen shapes.
  • Mix in any dog-safe chopped fresh fruit or veg.
  • I make cooked veg stew (pumpkin or leafy greens) by adding a generous scoop of the bone broth to boiling veg. Sally isn’t fond of veggies but will eat them if boiled in bone broth!

Where to Buy Bones:

Supermarket, local butchers, dog food suppliers, Asian food supermarkets (this latter normally stock poultry feet). You can use any mix of raw, cooked (the bones from your Sunday roast etc) or dried bones (sometimes sold as dog treats). As you want to extract the optimum nutrition, and you don’t want any nasties, I personally think it’s worth paying the premium for local and/or organic meat so I’d recommend asking at a butcher (if you are lucky enough to have a good one nearby) or buying organic from a dog food supplier.

Where to Buy Bone Broth

If you’d now like to give bone broth a try, but don’t want the hassle of boiling broth for 3-4 hours, then yes, you can buy ready-made. Take a look at Stefs Pet Pantry who tend to keep a selection in stock, or if your local pet store has a raw freezer, then ask if they also sell bone broth.

Can I Eat it?

Yes, if your broth is made from food-grade meat bones then it’s suitable for people too. It’s going to taste very bland to a human palate due to the lack of salt. You’ll probably want to season yours. Beware feeding any bone broth bought as human food supplement to a dog, as it likely contains added salt. Check the ingredients first!

Are you ready to try making your own bone broth? Any questions give me a shout, and please let me know how it turns out!

Our Raw Feeding Story

Our Raw Feeding Story

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Raw Fed and Fabulous – Raw is Safer and Easier Than You Imagine

Disclaimer right here before we start – Sally is rawfed by Bella and Duke. If you click this link or use the code INSALWOLF50 at checkout you’ll get 50% off your first order (UK only) from any of their ranges and any size box up to 20kg. This is not an affiliate link, we don’t get anything extra if you sign up, just the satisfaction of knowing your pup is now on a species appropriate raw diet.

Sally with her raw food. To feed a balanced diet either look for a raw dog food supplier that provides “complete” minces (meat/bone/offal/veg and fruit) or put these ingredients together yourself – or do a little bit of both!

Raw is safe and nutritious if you follow these three simple rules:

  1. Buy from a reputable raw supplier that batch tests for pathogens
  2. Feed “complete minces” and/or make sure you feed a wide variety of proteins (and a small quantity of fresh fruit/veg). Use approximately 80:10:10 for 80% muscle meat, 10% offal, 10% bone.
  3. Keep good food hygiene and follow the manufacturer’s defrost and storage guidelines.

Why Sally is Raw Fed

Sally’s breeder fed raw. This is probably the most common feeding choice among UK Samoyed fanciers. Honestly (to my shame) I’d never looked into raw feeding prior to getting Sally. I was somewhat aware that the cheaper kibble foods were designed for convenience of the owner and profits of the pet food company rather than to provide optimum nutrition. I’d fed my cats on a mix of kibble and home-cooked meals for this reason. I thought raw was a step too far – hippy nonsense and how could raw meat be more nutritious than carefully cooked meals and kibble with Science behind it (I mean it must be good if the vets sell it and it says SCIENCE in big letters on the bag)?

Sal’s breeder was adamant. She’d owned and then bred Samoyeds for most of her life. She fed raw and if I didn’t agree to feed raw then I’d likely not be getting one of her pups!

Raw can be:

  • more nutritious as vitamins and proteins aren’t denatured by cooking
  • better for dental hygiene as raw bones clean teeth and less starch means less dental plaque
  • result in smaller denser poops that are easier to clean up plus better for anal gland health
  • give a more glossy coat, brighter eyes, less hyperactivity but greater energy

I went away and researched raw feeding, and what I found was that although the majority of mainstream vets did not approve, there seemed to be a lot of good sense, and a smattering (although not nearly enough research) of science to support raw feeding.

Please bear in mind this was five years ago, since then raw has become more mainstream, there’s even a pro-raw vet society. What I found when I was starting out were some raw feeding Facebook groups full of well-meaning people, but pushing a hardline agenda “raw = good, kibble = bad, all vets are evil and only after your money”, it seemed more than a little extreme and rather intimidating to a new to raw (and dogs) new puppy owner.

Talking to Sal’s breeder and a few other Samoyed owners who fed raw helped: “ignore them (the FB groups) and all their fancy ideas, feed the pre-prepped minces as a base and add some extras if you want/afford to, remember not every meal has to be 100% balanced, but try and feed as great a variety as you can. Do you work out the exact fat, protein, and carbohydrate content of each of your own meals? No, then why get so fussy about your pup’s food? Just make sure she has a varied diet and you aim for around 80% muscle meat, 10% offal and 10% bone and add in some veg too if she’ll eat it. Otherwise sprinkle a herb mix such as Dorwest Keepers Mix or Easy Greens”. Their common sense “just get on with it and feed the dog” approaches were a great help.

After this, my main worry about feeding raw was not “would my pup get all the nutrients she needed?”. I thought if I saw her even beginning to lack in any way then I’d pop her straight onto a quality kibble and her breeder would just have to lump it. My main worry was “is it safe?”. What about the bacterial and parasite risk? I’m mostly vegetarian (for health and ethical reasons) and I live with chronic autoimmune problems. The last thing I wanted was bowls of “dirty” raw meat lying around – and a dog whose mouth (and the other end too) would be a disease-carrying risk.

Raw Can Be As Safe as Kibble

So, I researched “does raw dog food carry an additional disease risk?” I now believe the answer is “NO”. Carefully done, the risks from raw are very low and no more risk than feeding kibble.

Let me explain.

All reputable raw dog food companies batch test their food for pathogens. They should also hold the food (in deep freeze) until they have the test results back before shipping it out. This way no contaminated food should reach the consumer. When I got Sal, I phoned round all the UK brands at the time and asked them their protocols. I only bought from the brands that took me seriously and gave me a full answer. So, if you are new to feeding raw or switching raw brand then check out the brand’s website, phone them up and ask about batch testing. Ask Google to see if they’ve had any recalls. If you buy in the USA or UK from brands that batch test for pathogens, and are DEFRA/USDA registered and inspected, then the bacterial content of the meat should be so low as to cause no harm.

Interestingly (and good ammunition if your vet is anti-raw) the largest contaminated pet food incident was from a Salmonella-infected kibble, and kibble recalls are far more frequent than raw recalls over bacterial contamination fears.

A recent study asking raw feeders to self-report any times they/their pet got sick from suspected food poisoning found only 39 cases out of over 16,000 households surveyed (less than 0.2%). Out of these 39, only 3 were confirmed by vet/medical laboratory analysis. This survey was conducted by the DOGRISK group at the University of Helsinki, who continue to investigate and publish in veterinary journals.

So far, I haven’t seen any research that makes me question the safety of feeding raw here in the UK from UK-based suppliers that source only UK meat and batch test for pathogens.  

However, it is RAW meat so you should always handle it with the proper care and hygiene. Clean all utensils with hot soapy water, disinfect surfaces, and if your dog is a messy eater then wipe their face after meals. Store food in the fridge/freezer and follow manufacturer’s guidelines on defrost times/temperatures. Don’t leave raw food bowls sitting out after feeding. Please use common sense and good food hygiene.

The main risk as I see it is when you start buying meat (even human grade) that is not from a raw dog food supplier. This does not undergo the same batch testing for bacterial load, and fresh unfrozen meat and fish can carry parasites such as flukes and tapeworms. If you are going to DIY from the supermarket or butcher, then be aware of the increased risk and ALWAYS freeze first for 2-3 weeks to kill any parasites.

This all sounds like quite a fuss, so why did I continue with raw? Well my puppy thrived on it. I saw all the supposed benefits of healthy coat, skin, eyes, health and stamina. Plus the poo, we need to talk about the poos (it’s true, raw feeders are obsessed with their dogs poo). Smaller, less frequent and more “kickable” offerings than from my friends dogs on kibble or canned food diets.

Also, when I was researching raw food what I found out about some kibble was frankly horrifying. Of course, all dog foods claim they are wonderful (it’s not good marketing otherwise is is?), but some are better than others. The nutritional standards for pet foods have not been updated since the 1970s. In the USA and the UK, you can market kibble as “chicken” if it contains only 4% chicken by dry weight. So, the other 96% of the kibble pellet can be made up of starchy carbohydrates that some dog breeds find hard to digest and rendered meat (the left-overs boiled off the carcasses, abattoir waste…). Not all kibbles are equal, in some the main ingredient IS human-food grade meat as named on the bag. If you are curious then the impartial website All About Dog Food rates the UK (and some USA) most popular foods, and gives you the lowdown on what they contain.

Samoyeds Thrive on a Low Carb Diet

Sal being a Samoyed is one of the dog breeds the least able to digest starchy foods.Virtually all kibbles (grain free or grain-rich) use starches to bind the pellets together. Carbohydrates (starches) are digested by an enzyme called amylase, we humans have this enzyme in our digestive tract and saliva. So, we begin to digest starchy foods as we chew and swallow them. Wolves and dogs mostly produce amylase in their stomachs. Wolves tend to have low amylase levels and are poor at digesting starches. Some European dog breeds that evolved alongside farming societies for thousands of years have far higher amylase levels and are more efficient at digesting starches (so much so that Bella and Duke have recently developed a new Premium Range with a higher percentage of veg to suit these breeds), whereas many northern and “primitive” breeds including Samoyeds have wolf-like starch digestion. I’ve seen the results whenever a well-meaning friend has fed Sal too many starchy dog treats and it isn’t pretty! For her digestive health I’ll stick to raw thank you! She’s raw fed and fabulous.

Sal is Raw Fed and Fabulous

She’s fed on a diet of complete minces from a UK-based supplier (Bella and Duke) who run batch checks as part of their standard safety protocols. I supplement with meaty bones and offal from other safety-conscious UK suppliers and a small amount of fresh veg and fruit. I like to know that her meat is locally and ethically sourced and I’ll still phone up new companies and ask them awkward questions!

For anyone thinking of starting out on raw I’d strongly advise that you copy our feeding plan. Start with the minces where someone else has done the hard work for you to ensure it’s balanced. As you get more confident you can add in some DIY extras or go full DIY.

Sally’s food. Most meals are Bella and Duke mince (now 50% off with the code INSALWOLF50), but for variety I’ll DIY the occasional meal.

Look out for a more detailed article coming soon on what nutrient groups should be included in a complete raw diet. I’ll tackle should we feed veg, grain-free and potential DCM risk, and which supplements I think are beneficial and which are marketing hype, plus why I don’t feed either “lightly cooked” meals or dried raw.

Note: I’m NOT a vet or a dog dietician, I’m a PhD immunologist trained in critical thinking. All views are my own, talk to your vet before making any major changes to your dog’s nutrition. If you are interested I recently wrote a longer piece for HelloBark on raw feeding, and the Bella and Duke Facebook Group is a good place to go for information and advice.

Finally to end with (as I know you’ve been expecting a photo of Sal unleashing her inner wolf/polar bear), here you go:

Bon appetit! Sally enjoying some lamb ribs.

Any questions or comments? Do you raw feed? Shoot me a message and let’s chat (but keep it civil please).